A Strophic Art Song Is Composed Similar to a Hymn
Bar five of Schubert'southward fine art song entitled Nacht und Träume. The vocal part, including the melody notes and the text, is in the top stave. The two staves below are the pianoforte part.
An fine art vocal is a Western vocal music limerick, usually written for one phonation with piano accessory, and ordinarily in the classical art music tradition. Past extension, the term "fine art song" is used to refer to the collective genre of such songs (east.g., the "art vocal repertoire").[1] An art song is most oftentimes a musical setting of an contained verse form or text,[1] "intended for the concert repertory"[2] "as part of a recital or other relatively formal social occasion".[three] While many pieces of vocal music are hands recognized as art songs, others are more hard to categorize. For example, a wordless vocalise written by a classical composer is sometimes considered an art song[1] and sometimes not.[4]
Other factors help ascertain art songs:
- Songs that are part of a staged work (such every bit an aria from an opera or a vocal from a musical) are not commonly considered art songs.[5] However, some Baroque arias that "appear with neat frequency in recital functioning"[v] are now included in the art vocal repertoire.
- Songs with instruments too piano (e.g., cello and piano) and/or other singers are referred to every bit "vocal bedchamber music", and are usually not considered art songs.[6]
- Songs originally written for vox and orchestra are called "orchestral songs" and are not usually considered art songs, unless their original version was for solo voice and piano.[7]
- Folk songs and traditional songs are generally not considered art songs, unless they are fine art music-style concert arrangements with piano accompaniment written by a specific composer[eight] Several examples of these songs include Aaron Copland's two volumes of Old American Songs, the Folksong arrangements by Benjamin Britten,[9] and the Siete canciones populares españolas (Seven Spanish Folksongs) by Manuel de Falla.
- There is no agreement regarding sacred songs. Many song settings of biblical or sacred texts were composed for the concert phase and not for religious services; these are widely known equally fine art songs (for instance, the Vier ernste Gesänge by Johannes Brahms). Other sacred songs may or may not be considered art songs.[10]
- A group of art songs equanimous to exist performed in a group to form a narrative or dramatic whole is called a vocal cycle.
Languages and nationalities [edit]
Art songs take been composed in many languages, and are known by several names. The German tradition of fine art vocal composition is perhaps the nearly prominent one; it is known as Lieder. In France, the term mélodie distinguishes art songs from other French vocal pieces referred to every bit chansons. The Spanish canción and the Italian canzone refer to songs generally and not specifically to art songs.
Course [edit]
The composer'south musical language and interpretation of the text frequently dictate the formal blueprint of an art song. If all of the verse form's verses are sung to the aforementioned music, the song is strophic. Arrangements of folk songs are often strophic,[1] and "in that location are exceptional cases in which the musical repetition provides dramatic irony for the irresolute text, or where an almost hypnotic monotony is desired."[i] Several of the songs in Schubert'south Die schöne Müllerin are good examples of this. If the vocal melody remains the aforementioned but the accessory changes under it for each verse, the piece is called a "modified strophic" vocal. In dissimilarity, songs in which "each section of the text receives fresh music"[one] are called through-equanimous. Nearly through-composed works have some repetition of musical textile in them. Many art songs use some version of the ABA class (as well known as "song class" or "ternary course"), with a offset musical department, a contrasting eye section, and a render to the first section's music. In some cases, in the render to the commencement section's music, the composer may make minor changes.
Performance and performers [edit]
Performance of fine art songs in recital requires special skills for both the singer and pianist. The degree of intimacy "seldom equaled in other kinds of music"[ane] requires that the ii performers "communicate to the audience the most subtle and evanescent emotions as expressed in the poem and music".[1] The ii performers must agree on all aspects of the performance to create a unified partnership, making art song performance ane of the "most sensitive type(south) of collaboration".[ane] As well, the pianist must be able to closely lucifer the mood and grapheme expressed by the singer. Even though classical vocalists by and large embark on successful performing careers as soloists by seeking out opera engagements, a number of today'southward nigh prominent singers accept built their careers primarily by singing art songs, including Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau, Thomas Quasthoff, Ian Bostridge, Matthias Goerne, Wolfgang Holzmair, Susan Graham and Elly Ameling. Pianists, too, take specialized in playing art songs with bully singers. Gerald Moore, Geoffrey Parsons, Graham Johnson, Dalton Baldwin, Hartmut Höll and Martin Katz are vi such pianists who have specialized in accompanying art song performances. The piano parts in art songs tin be and then complex that the piano part is not really a subordinate accompaniment role; the pianist in challenging art songs is more than of an equal partner with the solo singer. Equally such, some pianists who specialize in performing art song recitals with singers refer to themselves as "collaborative pianists", rather than as accompanists.
Composers [edit]
British [edit]
- John Dowland
- Thomas Campion
- William Byrd
- Thomas Morley
- Henry Purcell
- Hubert Parry
- Frederick Delius
- Ralph Vaughan Williams
- Roger Quilter
- John Ireland
- Ivor Gurney
- Peter Warlock
- Michael Head
- Madeleine Dring
- Gerald Finzi
- Jonathan Dove
- Benjamin Britten
- Morfydd Llwyn Owen
- Michael Tippett
- Ian Venables
- Judith Weir
- George Butterworth
- Francis George Scott
- Rebecca Clarke
American [edit]
Austrian and High german [edit]
- Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach
- Joseph Haydn
- Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
- Ludwig van Beethoven
- Franz Schubert
- Felix Mendelssohn
- Fanny Mendelssohn
- Robert Schumann
- Clara Schumann
- Carl Loewe
- Johannes Brahms
- Hugo Wolf
- Gustav Mahler
- Richard Strauss
- Alexander von Zemlinsky
- Arnold Schoenberg
- Anton Webern
- Alban Berg
- Erich Wolfgang Korngold
- Viktor Ullmann
- Hanns Eisler
- Kurt Weill
- Paul Hindemith
- Wilhelm Killmayer
- Josephine Lang
- Emilie Mayer
French [edit]
- Hector Berlioz
- Charles Gounod
- Pauline Viardot
- César Franck
- Camille Saint-Saëns
- Georges Bizet
- Emmanuel Chabrier
- Henri Duparc
- Jules Massenet
- Gabriel Fauré
- Claude Debussy
- Erik Satie
- Maurice Ravel
- Lili Boulanger
- Nadia Boulanger
- Albert Roussel
- Reynaldo Hahn
- Darius Milhaud
- Francis Poulenc
- Olivier Messiaen
- Henri Dutilleux
- Cécile Chaminade
Romanian [edit]
- George Enescu
- Dinu Lipatti
- Pascal Bentoiu
- Irina Hasnaș
Spanish [edit]
Latin American [edit]
Italian [edit]
- Claudio Monteverdi
- Barbara Strozzi
- Gioachino Rossini
- Gaetano Donizetti
- Vincenzo Bellini
- Francesca Caccini
- Giuseppe Verdi
- Amilcare Ponchielli
- Paolo Tosti
- Ottorino Respighi
- Mario Castelnuovo-Tedesco
- Luciano Berio
- Lorenzo Ferrero
Eastern European [edit]
- Franz Liszt – Hungary (nearly all his art vocal settings are of texts in non-Hungarian European languages, such as French and German)
- Antonín Dvořák – Bohemia
- Leoš Janáček – Bohemia (Czechoslovakia)
- Béla Bartók – Hungary
- Zoltán Kodály – Republic of hungary
- Frédéric Chopin – Poland
- Stanisław Moniuszko – Poland
Nordic [edit]
- Edvard Grieg – Kingdom of norway (ready High german every bit well as Norse and Danish poetry)
- Jean Sibelius – Republic of finland (set both Finnish and Swedish)
- Yrjö Kilpinen – Finland
- Wilhelm Stenhammar – Sweden
- Hugo Alfvén – Sweden
- Carl Nielsen – Kingdom of denmark
Russian [edit]
- Mikhail Glinka
- Alexander Borodin
- César Cui
- Nikolai Medtner
- Modest Mussorgsky
- Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
- Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov
- Alexander Glazunov
- Sergei Rachmaninoff
- Sergei Prokofiev
- Igor Stravinsky
- Dmitri Shostakovich
Ukrainian [edit]
- Vasyl Barvinsky[11]
- Stanyslav Lyudkevych[11]
- Mykola Lysenko
- Nestor Nyzhankivsky
- Ostap Nyzhankivsky
- Denys Sichynsky[eleven]
- Myroslav Skoryk
- Ihor Sonevytsky
- Yakiv Stepovy
- Kyrylo Stetsenko
Asian [edit]
- Nicanor Abelardo – Philippines
- Ananda Sukarlan – Indonesia
Afrikaans [edit]
- Jellmar Ponticha
- Stephanus Le Roux Marais
Arabic [edit]
- Iyad Kanaan – Lebanon
See too [edit]
- Kundiman
- Vocal
- Song wheel
Footnotes [edit]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Meister, An Introduction to the Fine art Song, pp. 11–17.
- ^ Art Song, Grove Online
- ^ Randel, Harvard Dictionary of Music, p. 61
- ^ Kimball, Introduction, p. xiii
- ^ a b Kimball, p. xiv
- ^ Meister calls it "a diversity of art song" (p. thirteen); Kimball does not include these works in her report of art songs.(p. 14)
- ^ Meister, p. 14, and Kimball, p. xiv
- ^ Meister refers to them as a "hybrid medium", p. 14
- ^ Benjamin Britten, Complete Folksong Arrangements (61 Songs), edited past Richard Walters, Boosey & Hawkes #M051933747, ISBN 1423421566
- ^ Neither Meister nor Kimball mention sacred songs generally, only both talk over the Brahms songs and selected other works in their books on art song.
- ^ a b c Composers – Ukrainian Art Song Project Archived 2015-04-16 at the Wayback Machine
References [edit]
- Draayer, Suzanne (2009), Fine art Vocal Composers of Kingdom of spain: An Encyclopedia, Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press, ISBN 978-0-8108-6362-0
- Draayer, Suzanne (2003), A Singer'due south Guide to the Songs of Joaquín Rodrigo, Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press, ISBN 978-0-8108-4827-6
- Kimball, Carol (2005), Song: A Guide to Art Song Style and Literature, revised edition, Milwaukee, Wisconsin: Hal Leonard, ISBN978-1-4234-1280-9
- Meister, Barbara (1980), An Introduction to the Art Song, New York, New York: Taplinger, ISBN0-8008-8032-3
- Randel, Don Michael (2003), The Harvard Dictionary of Music, Harvard Academy Press, p. 61, ISBN0-674-01163-5 , retrieved 2012-10-22
- Villamil, Victoria Etnier (1993), A Vocalizer's Guide to the American Art Song (2004 paperback ed.), Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press, ISBN0-8108-5217-9
Further reading [edit]
- Emmons, Shirlee, and Stanley Sonntag (1979), The Art of the Song Recital (paperback ed.), New York: Schirmer Books, ISBN0-02-870530-0
- Hall, James Husst (1953), The Art Song, Norman, Oklahoma: Academy of Oklahoma Printing
- Ivey, Donald (1970), Vocal: Anatomy, Imagery, and Styles, New York: The Free Printing, ISBN0-8108-5217-9
- Soumagnac, Myriam (1997). "La Mélodie italienne au début du XXe siècle", in Festschrift volume, Échoes de French republic et d'Ialie: liber amicorum Yves Gérard (jointly ed. by Marie-Claire Mussat, Jean Mongrédien & Jean-Michel Nectoux). Buchet-Chastel. p. 381–386.
- Walter, Wolfgang (2005), Lied-Bibliographie (Song Bibliography): Reference to Literature on the Art Song, Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, ISBN08204-7319-7
- Whitton, Kenneth (1984), Lieder: An Introduction to German language Song , London: Julia MacRae, ISBN0-531-09759-5
External links [edit]
- Hampsong Foundation
- Joy In Singing
- The LiederNet Archive - texts to over 165,000 vocal works with over 35,000 translations
- Fine art Vocal Primal
- The Art Vocal Projection
- The African American Art Vocal Alliance
- Art Song Composers of Spain
- Canadian Art Vocal Project
- Latin American Art Vocal Alliance
- Ukrainian Fine art Song Projection
- Ukrainian art songs. Audio files.
- Hispasong.com Castilian vocal music, in English.
- Art Vocal Colorado
- Canciones de España—Songs of Nineteenth-Century Spain [i]
- lottelehmannleague.org/singing-sins-archive (archived Hawaii Public Radio broadcasts about arts songs)
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_song
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